Egypt is considered the cradle of human civilization, as its civilization contributed significantly to making human history and beliefs, as it possesses a huge wealth of important archaeological and cultural sites and monuments for the whole world, in addition to its economic importance as a source of great income for the state, in addition to providing many job opportunities, and it is worth mentioning Egypt includes about a third of the archaeological sites that display the culture and history of the peoples of the world,[1] where archaeological sites vary between Pharaonic, Greek, Roman, Coptic and Islamic sites.
Pharaonic Antiquities The ancient Egyptian civilization lasted three thousand years, as its kings left monuments that summed up a huge amount of skill and knowledge in architecture and the arts. Many of their antiquities still exist to this day and are in good condition. After thousands of years have passed since its construction, and among these monuments:
The Pyramids of Giza: The three pyramids of Giza were built on a rocky plateau located on the west bank of the Nile River near Giza in northern Egypt. These pyramids were one of the seven ancient wonders of the world.
The Leaning Pyramid of Snefru: The Leaning Pyramid of Snefru is considered the first of the pyramids built in the village of Dahshur, and it is distinguished by its unique shape, which was the reason for its name. Where it was built according to the different angles of the pyramid.
The Red Pyramid: The Red Pyramid is considered the oldest pyramid in the world at all, and it was called the Red Pyramid due to the red layer that covered it, which appeared after the disappearance of the white limestone layer.
The Great Sphinx: (in English: Sphinx) is a huge statue with the body of a lion and the face of a man, located on the Giza Plateau, the location of the three pyramids of the Old Kingdom.
Hatshepsut Temple: The Temple of Hatshepsut was built in 1458 BC, and this site was distinguished as a sacred place for the god Hathor, and it was also used as a monastery after the introduction of Christianity
Luxor Temple: The history of the establishment of the Luxor Temple (in English: Luxor Temple) dates back to the year 1392 BC. On the eastern bank of the River Nile, it was dedicated to the gods Mut, Khonsu, and Amun, and the temple includes many important monuments of Egyptian civilization
Abu Simbel Temple: The Abu Simbel Temple (in English: Abu Simbel) is located in the rock on the west bank of the Nile River, south of the city of Aswan. The temple was built during the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II in 1257 BC.
Karnak: The complex of antiquities and temples of Karnak is one of the largest ancient complexes that bear witness to the power of the ancient Pharaonic civilization, and one of the most important temples and monuments in the Karnak temple complex. Sphinx Street, and many more.
The ancient city of Abydos: The city of Abydos (in English: Abydos) is considered a sacred, historical, archaeological city, and it is a very old city. Many ancient monuments are spread throughout this city, such as: the tombs of the pharaohs and temples, which makes it one of the most prominent archaeological landmarks in the country.
Valley of the Kings: The Valley of the Kings (in English: Valley of the Kings) is considered a land that was taken during the New Kingdom in Egypt to bury the kings of the Pharaohs.
Greek and Roman Antiquities The period of the rule of the Ptolemaic kings ended with the suicide of Queen Cleopatra VII and the end of the naval battle of Actium in 31 BC, so Egypt was subjected to Roman rule under the leadership of Octavius \u200b\u200bwho called himself Emperor Augustus, announcing the transformation of the Roman Republic into an empire,[14] and it is noteworthy that the city Alexandria includes the largest group of archaeological and historical sites dating back to the Greek and Roman eras in Egypt; Because it was the capital of Egypt in that time period, and among the most important Greek and Roman archaeological sites are the following:
Dendera Temple Complex: The temple complex of Dendera is considered one of the most famous temple complexes in Egypt, with an area of about 40,000 square meters. Among the most important temples in this complex are the Temple of Hathor and the Temple of the Birth of Isis.
Kalabsha Temple: The Kalabsha Temple is located in the city of Aswan, and it was moved from its location to another location in Aswan in 1970 AD. It was built of sandstone in the period from 30 BC to 14 BC in The reign of the Roman Emperor Augustus, and it was dedicated to the Nubian sun god
Serapeum Temple: The ruins of the Serapeum Temple were discovered for the first time in the village of Saqqara in 1850 AD by the French scientist Auguste Mariette. The temple was dedicated to the worship of the Greek-Egyptian god Serapis (in English: Sarapis).
The Roman Amphitheater: The Roman Amphitheater is considered one of the most popular places in Alexandria, and it is located specifically in the Kom El-Dikka neighborhood, which means “hill of rubble.” The Roman theater in Alexandria is considered one of the most important architectural achievements of the Romans in Egypt.
Babylon Fortress: The construction of the Babylon Fortress dates back to the sixth century BC during the Persian era, and it was built near the slopes of the Nile, then it was moved to a location closer to the river, and the Romans took advantage of the strategic location of the fort near the Nile and used it throughout the period. their rule in Egypt
Pompey's Pillar: The Pompey's Pillar is considered one of the most important tourist attractions in the city of Alexandria, as it is considered one of the largest huge stones throughout ancient times. It is located among the ruins of the Serapeum Temple on a rocky plateau near the two Sphinxes.
Catacombs of Kom Ash Shuqqafa: The Catacombs of Kom Ash Shuqqafa are the largest Roman burial sites in Egypt, located in Alexandria, and remained in use for 300 years until they developed to accommodate more than 300 bodies.
The Anfushi tombs: The rock-cut tombs of Anfushi date back to the late Ptolemaic and early Roman eras.
Mountain of the Dead: The Mountain of the Dead is located 2 km from the Siwa Oasis in the city of Matruh. It is conical in shape and contains thousands of tombs carved into the rock. The mountain derives its archaeological importance from the tombs with colored walls, the most important of which are the tombs of Si-Amun dating back to the Ptolemaic era. Where it is characterized by the integration of ancient Egyptian art and Greek art in the scenes depicted on its walls, and it is indicated that burials continued in this mountain until the late Roman era.
